PASSIVE VOICE: Pengertian, Struktur, Contoh, dan Contoh Soal Beserta Pembahasan
Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu bentuk kalimat dimana subjek kalimat menerima aksi, bukan melakukan aksi. Tidak seperti active voice yang fokus terhadap pihak yang melakukan aksi (doer of action), bentuk ini lebih berfokus kepada pihak atau objek yang menerima hasil dari suatu aksi tersebut (receiver of action).
Passive voice adalah suatu bentuk kalimat dimana subjek kalimat menerima aksi, bukan melakukan aksi. Tidak seperti active voice yang fokus terhadap pihak yang melakukan aksi (doer of action), bentuk ini lebih berfokus kepada pihak atau objek yang menerima hasil dari suatu aksi tersebut (receiver of action).
| Active | My parents plant some flowers (Pelaku aksi) |
| Passive | Some flowers are planted by my parents (Penerima aksi) |
Umumnya, kalimat aktif yang bisa ditransformasi menjadi kalimat pasif berbentuk kalimat aktif yang mengandung transitive verbs (kata kerja yang memerlukan objek langsung) seperti make, bring, buy, write dan sebagainya. Sebaliknya, kalimat pasif yang mengandung intransitive verbs (kata kerja yang tidak memerlukan objek langsung) seperti cry, swim, go, arrive, dan die tidak bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif.
Namun, apabila intransitive verbs tersebut diikuti oleh preposition, ada kemungkinan kalimat tersebut bisa diubah menjadi kalimat pasif tetapi kalimat pasif yang terbentuk akan sangat kaku.
Rumus Passive Voice
Untuk membentuk kalimat pasif, rumus sederhana berikut biasanya digunakan tetapi tetap harus disesuaikan dengan tense kalimat.
| Subject + to be (am/is/are) + past participle (pp) | ||
| Tense | Rumus Passive Voice | Contoh Passive Voice |
| Simple Present | am/is/are + pp | is created |
| Present Continuous | am/is/are being + pp | is being created |
| Simple Past | was/were + pp | was created |
| Past Continuous | was/were being + pp | was being created |
| Present Perfect | has/have been + pp | has been created |
| Past Perfect | had been + pp | had been created |
| Simple Future | will be + pp | will be created |
| Future Continuous | am/is/are going to be + pp | is going to be created |
| Future Perfect | will have been + pp | will have been created |
Penggunaan kalimat pasif dengan perfect continuous tenses biasanya jarang dilakukan karena menghasilkan struktur kalimat yang terlalu rumit dan sulit dipahami. Oleh karena itu, hal ini sebaiknya dihindari meskipun secara tata bahasa benar (grammatically correct).
Fungsinya adalah sebagai berikut :
1. Subjek/pokok pembicaraan.
- The murderer has been arrested.
(Pembunuh itu sudah ditahan) - The house was built in 1654.
(Rumah itu dibangun tahun 1654) - The road is being repaired.
(Jalan itu sedang diperbaiki)
Penjelasan
Ketiga kalimat diatas ingin menunjukkan atau menekankan Subjek/pokok pembicaraan, yaitu “the murderer”, “the house”, dan “the road”, bukan pada siapa yang melakukan ketiga kegiatan tersebut.
2. Pelaku Kegiatan.
Jika kita ingin membuat kalimat, dalam bahasa apapun itu, kita tahu siapa yang melakukan pekerjaan itu, sebaiknya gunakanlah “Kalimat Aktif“. Sebaliknya jika Anda tidak tahu atau ragu-ragu siapa yang melakukan suatu perbuatan, maka gunakanlah “kalimat Pasif“.
Contoh:
- When I came, the door was opened.
(Ketika saya tiba, pintunya terbuka) - Nodony knows why he was killed.
(Tak seorangpun tahu mengapa dia terbunuh) - You know, my wife has no any enemies but my wife was murdered so cruelly.
(Kamu tahu, istri saya tidak pernah musuh tetapi dia dibunuh secara kejam)
3. Pelaku yang sudah dikenal
Bagian ketiga ini adalah kebalikan dari bagian kedua diatas. Jika kita sudah yakin bahwa orang yang kita ajak bicara sudah mengetahui siapa yang melakukannya, maka Anda boleh menggunakan kalimat pasif.
Tujuan dari pembuatan kalimat pasif ini adalah untuk penghematan kalimat.
Contoh:
- Indonesian independence was proclaimed on August 17, 1945.
(Kemerdekaan Indonesia diproklamasikan pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1945) - “Indonesia Raya” was composed in 1945.
(Lagu Indonesia Raya dikarang pada tahun 1945).
Penjelasan
- Tanpa kita sebutin siapa yang memproklamasikan, Pendengar atau orang yang kita ajak bicara mengerti siapa dia.
- Semua orang sudah tahu siapa yang mengarang lagu Indonesia Raya.
Kesimpulan:
Jadi, selain ketiga alasan di atas, sebaiknya kita gunakan Kalimat Aktif. Semoga bermanfaat.
Dibawah ini adalah Rumus-rumus bagaimana cara membuat kalimat pasif dalam semua tenses dalam Bahasa Inggris.
- Simple Present Tense : S + is, am, are + V3 + dll
- Present Cont. Tense : S + is, am, are + being + V3 + dll
- Present Perf. Tense : S + have, has + been + V3 + dll
- Present Perf. Cont. Tense : S + have, has + been + being + V3 + dll
- Simple Past Tense : S + was, were + V3 + dll
- Past Cont. Tense : S + was, were + being + V3 + dll
- Past Perf. Tense : S + had + been + V3 + dll
- Past Perf. Cont. Tense : S + had + been + being + V3 + dll
- Simple Future Tense : S + will + be + V3 + dll
- Future Cont. Tense : S + will + be + being + V3 + dll
- Future Perf. Tense : S + will + have + been + V3 + dll
- Future Perf. Cont. Tense : S + will + have + been + being + V3 + dll
- Simple Past Future Tense : S + would + be + V3 + dll
- Past Future Cont. Tense : S + would + be + being + V3 + dll
- Past Future Perf. Tense : S + would + have + been + V3 + dll
- Past Future Perf. Cont. Tense : S + would +have + been + being + V3 + dll
KETERANGAN:
- Subject Kalimat Pasif disini adalah Objek pada Kalimat Aktif.
- Semua Kalimat Pasif harus menggunakan Kata Kerja bentuk ketiga (V3)
- Setelah V3 dapat juga Anda tambahkan dengan by + Subject pada kalimat aktif.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah sebagai berikut:
S + be + past participle + (by agent)
ket:
S : Subject
be : auxiliary verb (am, is, are, was, were, has been, have been, will be, dll)
past participle: atau bisa disebut verb 3 (kata kerja bentuk ke 3)
(by agent) : pelaku dari tindakan
Contoh:
- Active voice: I read a book.
Passive voice: A book is read by me. - Active voice: He drive a car last night.
Passive voice: A car was driven by him last night.
Contoh Bentuk Kalimat Passive Voice
1) Passive Imperative Sentence
Rumus:
Let + objek + be + Kata Kerja Bentuk III
- Help the poor (active)
- Let the poor be helped (passive)
2) Passive Infinitive: It is/was time
Rumus:
It is/was time for + objek + to be + kata kerja III
- It is time to send the letter (active)
- It is time for the letter to be sent (passive)
3) Negative Passive Imperative Sentence
Rumus:
Subjek + be + Kata kerja III + not to + infinitive
(kata kerja III yang sering digunakan adalah: advised, asked, begged, commanded, requested)
- Don’t wait for me (active)
- You are advised not to wait for me (passive)
4) Passive Sentence with Verbs of Perception
Rumus
Subjek + be + adjectives + when + subjek + be + kata kerja III
(kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: taste, smell, feel)
- This food tastes delicious (active)
- This food is delicious when it is tasted (passive)
5) Passive Sentence with Certain Verbs followed by ‘that-clause’
Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: accept, admit, agree, assume, believe, decide, expect, find out, intend, plan, point out, presume, prove, regret, report, say, think, understand.
- We regretted that the principal had to resign from office (active)
- It was regretted that the principal had to resign from office (passive)
6) Passive Sentence with Nouns or Adjectives as Complements
- I consider her very pretty (active)
- She is considered very pretty (passive)
7) Passive Sentence with two objects
- He gave me a book (active)
- A book was given to me by him (passive 1)
- I was given a book by him (passive 2)
8) Passive Sentence with Gerund Verbs
- The teacher enjoyed teaching the students (active)
- The students enjoyed being taught by the teacher (passive)
9) Agent consisting long expression at the end of sentence
Dalam kalimat pasif, jika pelaku terdiri dari ekspresi yang panjang, sebaiknya subjek tersebut ditempatkan di akhir kalimat setelah by.
- We were all surprised by her sudden announcement to get married
- I was confused by his plan to stop the ongoing project and begin a new one.
10) Passive Sentence with unique verbs
Kata kerja yang digunakan adalah: require, deserve, need
- This wall needs to be painted (sama dengan)
- This wall needs painting.
Kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Inggris terdiri dari dua elemen yaitu : bentuk kata kerja ‘to be’ + the past participle
| Subject | verb ‘to be’ | past participle |
| The house | was | built … |
Contoh : to clean
| Subject | verb ‘to be’ | past participle |
| Simple present: | ||
| The house | is | cleaned every day. |
| Present continuous: | ||
| The house | is being | cleaned at the moment. |
| Simple past: | ||
| The house | was | cleaned yesterday. |
| Past continuous: | ||
| The house | was being | cleaned last week. |
| Present perfect: | ||
| The house | has been | cleaned since you left. |
| Past perfect: | ||
| The house | had been | cleaned before their arrival. |
| Future: | ||
| The house | will be | cleaned next week. |
| Future continuous: | ||
| The house | will be being | cleaned tomorrow. |
| Present conditional: | ||
| The house | would be | cleaned if they had visitors. |
| Past conditional: | ||
| The house | would have been | cleaned if it had been dirty. |
Contoh Passive Voice
Penggunaan passive voice pada beberapa tenses akan berbeda tetapi tetap memiliki rumus yang sama. Berikut ini contoh passive voice dalam tenses:
| ACTIVE VOICE | PASSIVE VOICE | |
|---|---|---|
| Simple Present | He writes an article. She feeds the dog. | An article is writen by him. The dog is fed by her. |
| Simple Past | He wrote an article. She fed the dog. | An article was writen by him. The dog was fed by her. |
| Simple Future | He will write an article. She will feed the dog. | An article will be writen by him. The dog will be fed by her. |
| Present Perfect | He has writen an article. She has fed the dog. | An article has been writen by him. The dog has been fed by her. |
berikut 15 contoh kalimat pasif (passive voice) dalam bahasa Inggris lainnya.
- The house is cleaned by Rita once a week (Rumah dibersihkan oleh Rita seminggu sekali).
- Right now, the novel is being written by Deni (saat ini, novel sedang ditulis oleh Deni).
- The car was repaired by Doni yesterday (Mobil diperbaiki oleh Doni kemarin).
- That beach has been visited by many tourists. (Pantai tersebut sudah banyak dikunjungi oleh banyak wisatawan).
- Many cars had been repaired by Romi before he received his mechanic’s license. (Banyak mobil telah diperbaiki oleh Romi sebelum ia menerima lisensi mekaniknya).
- The food is going to be cooked by Melly tonight. (Makanan akan dimasak oleh Melly malam ini).
- At 8:00 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by Peter. (Jam 8 malam ini, piring – piring akan dibersihkan oleh Peter).
- The tasks will have been completed before the deadline. (Tugas-tugas akan telah diselesaikan sebelum tenggat waktu).
- The cake would always be made by my mother. (Kue akan selalu dibuat oleh Ibu saya).
- The problem cannot be solved by me (Masalah tidak bisa diselesaikan oleh saya).
- All lessons should be learnt by students. (Semua pelajaran harus dipelajari oleh murid-murid).
- The plant is watered by Sindy every two days. (Tanaman disiram oleh Sindy setiap dua hari).
- A party will be held by Rendi. (Sebuah pesta akan diadakan oleh Rendi).
- The book was read by Gina yesterday. (Buku telah dibaca oleh Gina kemarin).
- The house is going to be sold. (Rumah tersebut akan dijual).
Contoh Soal Passive Voice dan Jawaban
1. They translated some old documents last week. What is the passive form of this sentence?
A) Some old documents are translated by them last week.
B) Some old documents have been translated by them last week.
C) Some old documents were being translated by them last week.
D) Some old documents were translated by them last week.
E) Some old documents been translated by them last week.
Karena pola kalimat di atas adalah past tense, maka kalimat pasif mengikuti pola dasar. Sehingga jawaban di atas menjadi Some old documents were translated by them last week. Jawaban: D
2. The important email has been sent by my secretary. What is the active form of this sentence?
A) My secretary was sending the important email
B) My secretary sends the important email
C) My secretary is sending the important email
D) My secretary has been sending the important email
E) My secretary has sent the important email
Kalimat pasif di atas memiliki pola present perfect, sehingga kalimat aktif menjadi Subject + ha/have + V3 + Object. Jawaban: E
3. We’ll be visiting our grandmother next week. What is the passive form of this sentence?
A) Our grandmother will be being visited by us next week.
B) Our grandmother will be visited by us next week.
C) Our grandmother would be visited by us next week.
D) Our grandmother would be being visited by us next week.
E) Our grandmother would have been visited by us next week.
Pola kalimat di atas merupakan future continuous tense. Sehingga pola kalimat pasif menjadi our grandmother will be being visited by us next week. Jawaban: A
4. We can see many beautiful paintings in this exhibition. They were ……. by famous Indonesian painter.
A) Painting
B) Painted
C) Paint
D) Be Painting
E) Being painting
Sesuai dengan pola kalimat pasif menggunakan Subject + to be + Verb3. Jawaban: B
5. Two tents for our camping would …….. by my mother.
A) Being bought
B) Been bought
C) Be bought
D) Bought
E) Been buying
Karena sebelum bagian kosong pada kalimat di atas terdapat modal berupa would, maka setelah itu harus berupa bentuk kata kerja dasar. Jawaban: C
6. They cancelled all flights because of fog. The passive form of the sentence is, because of fog….
A) All flights had cancelled
B) All flights were cancelled
C) All flights have been cancelled
D) They be cancelled
E) They are being cancelled
Kalimat di atas menggunakan pola kalimat pasif was/were + Verb3, menjadi because of fog all flights were cancelled. Jawaban: B
7. A well known architect is designing our new office. The passive form of the above sentence is, Our new office …… by a well known architect.
A) Design
B) Designed
C) Be designing
D) Is designed
E) Is being designed
Kalimat di atas menggunakan kalimat pasif berupa am/is/are + being + Verb3. Menjadi Our new office is being designed by a well known architect. Jawaban: E
8. Jupiters four moons ……. through a telescope by Galileo.
A) Were first viewed
B) First viewed
C) Had been first viewed
D) Were being first viewed
E) First being viewed
Dalam menyelesaikan soal di atas, Quipperian harus memperhatikan subjek kalimat dan tenses. Subjek Jupters four moons bentuk jamak, dan menggunakan past tense. Maka kalian harus menggunakan pola were + Verb3, menjadi were first viewed. Jawaban: A
Penulis: Rahmat Ali
9. Daddy drinks A cup of coffee every day.
Passive voice is:
a. A cup of coffee was drink by daddy every day
b. A cup of coffee is drink by daddy every day
c. A cup of coffee is drunk by daddy every day
d. A cup of coffee is drank by daddy every day
e. A cup of coffee was being drink by daddy every day
Jawaban: C
Jawaban yang paling tepat adalah pilihan C. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice ini, Anda harus melihat kalimat aktifnya. Pada contoh soal latihan di atas, kalimat aktif menunjukkan jenis kalimat Simple Present Tense (drink, every day), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah To Be (is/am/are) + V3. Jawaban yang paling tepat untuk struktur ini adalah pilihan C.
10. My brother repaired the motorcycle yesterday.
Passive voice is:
a. My brother was repaired the motorcycle yesterday
b. The motorcycle was repaired by my brother yesterday
c. The motorcycle was repaired by my brother yesterday
d. My brother was being repaired the motorcycle yesterday
e. The toy had been fixed by my aunt yesterday
Jawaban: B
11. Johan has taken an English course.
Passive voice is:
a. Johan has been taken an English course
b. An English course taken by Johan
c. An English course has been taken by Johan
d. English courses have taken by Johan
e. English course will be taken by Johan
Jawaban: C
Jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu pilihan C. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice ini Anda harus melihat kalimat aktifnya. Pada contoh soal latihan di atas, kalimat aktif yang menunjukkan jenis adalah kalimat present Perfect Tense (has taken), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah to be (has/have been) + V3. Dan jawaban yang paling tepat untuk struktur ini yaitu pilihan C.
12. Mr Joko is teaching English at Junior High School. Passive voice is:
a. Mr. Joko is teached English at Junior High School.
b. English is teaching by Mr. Joko at Junior High School.
c. English is taught by Mr. Joko at Junior High School.
d. English is being taught by Mr. Joko at Junior High School.
e. English are taught by Mr. Joko at Junior High School.
Jawaban : D
Jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu pilihan D. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice ini Anda harus melihat kalimat aktifnya. Pada contoh soal latihan di atas, kalimat aktif yang menunjukkan jenis adalah kalimat Present Continuous Tense (is teaching), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah to be (is,am, are) + being + V3. Dan jawaban yang paling tepat untuk struktur ini yaitu pilihan D.
13. They were watching a horror film at cinema. Passive voice is:
a. A horror film is watching by them at cinema.
b. They were watched a horror film at cinema.
c. A horror film was watched by them at cinema.
d. A horror film was being watched by they at cinema.
e. A horror film was being watched by them at cinema.
Jawaban: E
Jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu pilihan E. Untuk menjawab soal passive voice ini Anda harus melihat kalimat aktifnya. Pada contoh soal latihan di atas, kalimat aktif yang menunjukkan jenis adalah kalimat Present Continuous Tense (were watched), maka struktur passive voice-nya adalah to be (was/were) + being + V3. Dan jawaban yang paling tepat untuk struktur ini yaitu pilihan E.
14. In the 1930’s, this TV _____.
a. is manufactured
b. was manufactured
c. will be manufactured
Jawaban: B
Struktur kalimat yaitu Simple Past Tense (1930 = masa lampau), maka jawaban paling tepat adalah To be (was/were) + V3.
15. He _____ to my wedding party.
a. are invited
b. have been invited
c. has been invited
Jawaban: C
Cara mudah untuk menjawab pertanyaan di atas adalah melihat subjek kalimat, yaitu “He”, maka cara cepatnya carilah To be yang sesuai dengan subjek He.
16. Her first book _____ tomorrow morning.
a. is launched
b. was launched
c. will be launched
Jawaban: C
Struktur kalimat yaitu Simple Future (tomorrow morning), maka jawaban paling tepat adalah will be + V3.
17. A plate of fried rice ______ every Sunday morning by my mother.
a. were cooked
b. is cooked
c. are cooked
Jawaban: B
Struktur kalimat yaitu Simple Present Tense (every Sunday morning = masa sekarang/kebiasaan), maka jawaban paling tepat adalah To be (is, am, are) + V3. Dan kenapa pakai yang To be nya is karena Subjeknya (A plate of fried rice) tunggal.
18. We will be visiting our grandmother next holiday. (active)
Our grandmother_____by us next week. (passive)
a. will be being visited.
b. will be visited.
c. would be being visited.
Pola kalimat di atas merupakan future continuous tense. Sehingga pola kalimat pasif menjadi our grandmother will be being visited by us next week. Jawaban: A
19. “Many moms were washing the clothes in the edge of the river.” The passive voice of that sentence is…………
a. the clothes was washed Many moms in the edge of the river
b. Many moms were being washed in the edge of the river
c. Many moms were washed in the edge of the river
d. the clothes were wash Many moms in the edge of the river
e. the clothes were being washed Many moms in the edge of the river
jawabannya: E
penjelasan : dalam kalimat aktifnya kita bisa melihat bahwa subjek adalah many moms (banyak ibu-ibu) adalah subjek , were washing (jenis past continuous tense), the clothes (baju-baju) sebagai objek dan in the edge of the river adalah kata keterangan tempat (place adverb)
20. “Has Fairuz told the true story?”. The passive voice of that sentence is…………
a. Fairuz has been told by the true story
b. Fairuz has told been by the true story
c. the true story has been told by Fairuz
d. the true story have been told by Faiuz
e. the true story Fairuz has been told
jawabannya: C
penjelasan: meskipun kalimat sebelumnya, bisa kita rubah menjadi kalimat pasif n dalam kalimat pertanyaannya kita bisa melihat bahwa subjek adalah Fairuz adalah subjek , has….told (jenis present perfect tense), the true story (cerita yang sebernya) sebagai objek
Sumber:
https://www.studiobelajar.com/passive-voice/
https://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/passive-voice/
https://englishclas.com/latihan-soal-passive-voice-dan-pembahasanya/
https://www.bahasainggris.co.id/contoh-soal-passive-voice-beserta-jawaban-dan-penjelasan/
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